Immunopathological mechanisms in sepsis of viral etiology in COVID-19.

The article provides information on immunopathology in sepsis and the commonality between immunopathogenetic processes of sepsis and the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). As a result of the inability of the immune system to cope with aggression of the pathogen, inadequate immune activity occurs manifested by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in damage to tissues of the host organism. In response, compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome is activated, which is manifested by inhibition of the immune response. One of its main mechanisms is signals produced by membrane receptors and their ligands. Against the background of inability of the host organism to neutralise the pathogen, numerous pathological phenomena and complications occur leading to damage to human tissues.Copyright © 2021, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. All rights reserved.

Preterm birth: the impact of risk factors on pregnancy outcomes

BACKGROUND: Despite the achievements of modern obstetrics and neonatology, the problem of preterm birth remains one of the most pressing. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of risk factors on the outcome of threatened preterm birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included the analysis of clinical and anamnestic data of 130 patients delivered at various gestational ages. The main group comprised 68 women with preterm delivery, with the control group consisting of 62 women with timely delivery. RESULTS: The outcome of preterm birth is adversely affected by overweight in the group of modifiable risk factors, by history of premature birth in the immediate family in the group of non-modifiable risk factors, and by a previous COVID-19, anemia and autonomic nervous system disorders in the group of potentially modifiable risk factors. The most reliable prognostic marker for the development of preterm labor was the shortening of the cervical length of less than 2.5 cm according to ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: The formation of risk groups based on the analysis of clinical, anamnestic, medical, and social data, as well as somatic and gynecological diseases can help avoid the development of adverse outcomes of preterm birth. © 2022 Eco-Vector LLC. All rights reserved.

Immunopathological mechanisms in sepsis of viral etiology in COVID-19

The article provides information on immunopathology in sepsis and the commonality between immunopathogenetic processes of sepsis and the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). As a result of the inability of the immune system to cope with aggression of the pathogen, inadequate immune activity occurs manifested by the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in damage to tissues of the host organism. In response, compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome is activated, which is manifested by inhibition of the immune response. One of its main mechanisms is signals produced by membrane receptors and their ligands. Against the background of inability of the host organism to neutralise the pathogen, numerous pathological phenomena and complications occur leading to damage to human tissues. © 2021, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. All rights reserved.

Distance learning opportunities during the COVID-19 epidemic

Aim. To compare the results of using traditional and distance education technologies in the training of obstetricians and gynecologists in the continuing medical education cycles. Methods. The effectiveness of the use of traditional and distance learning technologies in the training of obstetrician-gynecologists on the continuing medical education cycles was assessed based on Bashkir State Medical University. The study included an assessment of the knowledge of obstetricians and gynaecologists trained in the 36-hour program. Two study groups were selected. The group I included 28 doctors, whose training and knowledge assessment was carried out mainly using traditional education technologies. The group II consisted of 30 doctors, whose training and knowledge assessment was carried out using distance education technologies. The final effectiveness of the use of the studied technologies was evaluated based on the analysis of the final test results and the solution of situational clinical tasks as a General interview. The research results processing was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0. Results. The study revealed that the use of distance learning technologies does not lead to a decrease in the physician's level of training: 70.0% in group I, 60.7% in group II (chi2=0.11, df=1, p=0.74). Meanwhile, the distance learning format causes difficulties for doctors of the older age group: in group I, there is a direct moderate correlation between age and performance (r=0.497, p=0.007), in group II - a noticeable inverse correlation (r=-0.689, p <0.001). Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to take a differentiated approach to the formation of groups for distance learning in the future. Цель. Сравнить результаты применения традиционных и дистанционных образовательных технологий в рамках обучения врачей акушеров-гинекологов на циклах непрерывного медицинского образования. Методы. На базе кафедры акушерства и гинекологии с курсом дополнительного профессионального образования Башкирского государственного медицинского университета проведена оценка результативности применения традиционных и дистанционных образовательных технологий в рамках обучения врачей акушеров-гинекологов на циклах непрерывного медицинского образования. Исследование включало оценку знаний врачей акушеров-гинекологов, прошедших обучение по программе 36 часов. Было выделено две исследуемые группы. Первая группа включала 28 врачей, обучение и оценку знаний которых осуществляли преимущественно с использованием традиционных образовательных технологий. Во вторую группу вошли 30 врачей, обучение и оценку знаний которых проводили с использованием дистанционных образовательных технологий. Итоговую результативность применения исследуемых технологий оценивали на основании анализа результатов итогового тестирования и решения ситуационных клинических задач в форме общего собеседования. Результаты исследования были обработаны с помощью пакета статистических программ IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0. Результаты. В ходе исследования выявлено, что применение дистанционных образовательных технологий не приводит к снижению степени обученности врачей: в первой группе она составила 70,0%, во второй группе - 60,7% (chi2=0,11, df=1, p=0,74). Между тем, дистанционный формат обучения вызывает затруднения у врачей старшей возрастной группы: в первой группе между возрастом и результативностью обучающегося существует прямая умеренная корреляционная связь (r=0,497, p=0,007), во второй группе - заметная обратная корреляционная связь (r=-0,689, p <0,001). Вывод. С учётом полученных результатов исследования в дальнейшем следует дифференцированно подходить к формированию групп для дистанционного обучения.